Storage
Storage is the retention of information after encoding until called upon by retrevial. It is done in 3 main terms each with different capacity and duration.
Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the first level of memory. It is a breif impression of the stimlus after it has ended. your sensory memory is only capable of retaining information for a fraction of a second. For each of the senses, the impressions made by the stimuli have different names and have different lengths of time kept
- For visual stimuli, the impression is called an iconic memory. this memory lasts up to 1/4 of a second
- Auditory stimuli leave impressions called echoic memories. echoic memories last from 1-2 seconds
- Haptic memory is the name for impressions from touch. these memories last about 1 second
- When you taste something, your gustatory memory recives the stimiuli for under 1 second
Smell is believed to be more closely linked to memory than the other sences beacause of location. The olfactory bulb and cortex (smell proccessing) are located right next to the hippocampus and amygdala (memory processing). Since the proccessing aera for smell and memory are so close together, it is believed that they are closer linked to memory and emotion than other sences.
In 1960, psycologist George Sperling conducted an expierament to find the capacity of the sensory memory. He flashed letters in fron of participants for 50 milliseconds to see how many letters they could remember. His results showed that the sensory memory has a capacity of 12 items.
Short Term Memory
Short term memory, also called primary or active memory, is the stage of memory after sensory memory but before permenent storage in long term memory. the storage system in the short term memory is very delicate and unstable. Information can be lost with time or distraction.
An expierment in 1956, conducted by Miller provided evidence as to the capacity of short term memory. His expierement concluded that an adult short term memory can hold 5 to 9 items. Miller also concluded that the reason for this number is beacause there are only a certain number of "slots" for information to be stored. It was soon questioned the amount of information which could be held in each slot. by chunking imformation (tip to sucessfull encoding) we can hold more in our short term memory.
The duration of short term memory is 20 seconds if not rehersed. By putting more thought into a short term memory, it can then be moved into the long term memory
Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the first level of memory. It is a breif impression of the stimlus after it has ended. your sensory memory is only capable of retaining information for a fraction of a second. For each of the senses, the impressions made by the stimuli have different names and have different lengths of time kept
- For visual stimuli, the impression is called an iconic memory. this memory lasts up to 1/4 of a second
- Auditory stimuli leave impressions called echoic memories. echoic memories last from 1-2 seconds
- Haptic memory is the name for impressions from touch. these memories last about 1 second
- When you taste something, your gustatory memory recives the stimiuli for under 1 second
Smell is believed to be more closely linked to memory than the other sences beacause of location. The olfactory bulb and cortex (smell proccessing) are located right next to the hippocampus and amygdala (memory processing). Since the proccessing aera for smell and memory are so close together, it is believed that they are closer linked to memory and emotion than other sences.
In 1960, psycologist George Sperling conducted an expierament to find the capacity of the sensory memory. He flashed letters in fron of participants for 50 milliseconds to see how many letters they could remember. His results showed that the sensory memory has a capacity of 12 items.
Short Term Memory
Short term memory, also called primary or active memory, is the stage of memory after sensory memory but before permenent storage in long term memory. the storage system in the short term memory is very delicate and unstable. Information can be lost with time or distraction.
An expierment in 1956, conducted by Miller provided evidence as to the capacity of short term memory. His expierement concluded that an adult short term memory can hold 5 to 9 items. Miller also concluded that the reason for this number is beacause there are only a certain number of "slots" for information to be stored. It was soon questioned the amount of information which could be held in each slot. by chunking imformation (tip to sucessfull encoding) we can hold more in our short term memory.
The duration of short term memory is 20 seconds if not rehersed. By putting more thought into a short term memory, it can then be moved into the long term memory
Long Term Memory:
long term memory has the ability to be permanent and limitless. It can last a lifetime and can hold an uncountable amount of information
Explicit memory is the memories of facts and experiences. One must consciously retrieve and declare to use these. An example of this would be remembering your 7th birthday and a specific present that you got on that day. Explicit memories are processed in the hippocamups. Implicit memory is the memory of skills and procedures. They are retrieved without conscious recollection. An example of this is how to walk or write in cursive. These memories are processed in the Cerebellum
long term memory has the ability to be permanent and limitless. It can last a lifetime and can hold an uncountable amount of information
Explicit memory is the memories of facts and experiences. One must consciously retrieve and declare to use these. An example of this would be remembering your 7th birthday and a specific present that you got on that day. Explicit memories are processed in the hippocamups. Implicit memory is the memory of skills and procedures. They are retrieved without conscious recollection. An example of this is how to walk or write in cursive. These memories are processed in the Cerebellum